Introduction The Middle East stands at a crossroads of modern technological transformation. Over the past two decades, technology adoption in the region has accelerated at a breathtaking pace, fueled by ambitious national visions, expanding youth populations, and rapidly diversifying economies. From the rise of smart cities and digital governments to the proliferation of artificial intelligence … Read more
[Introduction] The global trade in weaponry is a subject of immense complexity and controversy. While much of the world’s attention focuses on official arms sales, a vast and often invisible network operates in the shadows: the black market. This underground economy facilitates the unauthorized transfer of weapon technology, from small arms to advanced missile systems, … Read more
Introduction In the rapidly globalizing world, the intersection of science, technology, and security is increasingly complex. The term “dual-use technology” refers to items, systems, or know-how that can be used for both civilian and military applications. Examples abound: chemical fertilizers can be diverted to make explosives, drones may carry cameras for agriculture or bombs for … Read more
Introduction The development of advanced weaponry has always been a closely guarded endeavor, reflecting the ever-present interplay between technological innovation and national security. In this high-stakes arena, espionage—covertly obtaining information or technology from adversaries—has played a pivotal role. From the clandestine operations of World War II to the cyber-espionage campaigns of the 21st century, the … Read more